(PDF) HTML Styles CSS Tags with Example :- Infinity4Education
HTML Styles - CSS
CSS
stands for Cascading Style Sheets.
CSS
saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of multiple web pages all at
once.
CSS = Styles and Colors
Manipulate Text
Colors, Boxes
Styling HTML with CSS
CSS
describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on screen, paper, or in other
media.
CSS
can be added to HTML elements in 3 ways:
- Inline - by using the style attribute in HTML
elements
- Internal - by using a <style> element
in the <head> section
- External - by using an external CSS file
The
most common way to add CSS, is to keep the styles in separate CSS files.
However, here we will use inline and internal styling, because this is easier
to demonstrate, and easier for you to try it yourself.
Inline CSS
An
inline CSS is used to apply a unique style to a single HTML element.
An
inline CSS uses the style attribute of an HTML element.
This
example sets the text color of the <h1> element to blue:
Example
<h1 style="color:blue;">This is a Blue
Heading</h1>
Internal CSS
An
internal CSS is used to define a style for a single HTML page.
An
internal CSS is defined in the <head> section of an HTML page, within a <style> element:
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body {background-color: powderblue;}
h1 {color: blue;}
p {color: red;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body {background-color: powderblue;}
h1 {color: blue;}
p {color: red;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
External CSS
An
external style sheet is used to define the style for many HTML pages.
With
an external style sheet, you can change the look of an entire web site, by
changing one file!
To
use an external style sheet, add a link to it in the <head> section of the HTML page:
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
An
external style sheet can be written in any text editor. The file must not
contain any HTML code, and must be saved with a .css extension.
Here
is how the "styles.css" looks:
body {
background-color: powderblue;
}
h1 {
color: blue;
}
p {
color: red;
}
background-color: powderblue;
}
h1 {
color: blue;
}
p {
color: red;
}
CSS Fonts
The
CSS color property
defines the text color to be used.
The
CSS font-family property
defines the font to be used.
The
CSS font-size property defines the text size to be used.
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
h1 {
color: blue;
font-family: verdana;
font-size: 300%;
}
p {
color: red;
font-family: courier;
font-size: 160%;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
h1 {
color: blue;
font-family: verdana;
font-size: 300%;
}
p {
color: red;
font-family: courier;
font-size: 160%;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
CSS Border
The
CSS border property
defines a border around an HTML element:
Example
p {
border: 1px solid powderblue;
}
border: 1px solid powderblue;
}
CSS Padding
The
CSS padding property
defines a padding (space) between the text and the border:
Example
p {
border: 1px solid powderblue;
padding: 30px;
}
border: 1px solid powderblue;
padding: 30px;
}
CSS Margin
The
CSS margin property
defines a margin (space) outside the border:
Example
p {
border: 1px solid powderblue;
margin: 50px;
}
border: 1px solid powderblue;
margin: 50px;
}
The id Attribute
To
define a specific style for one special element, add an id attribute to the element:
<p id="p01">I am different</p>
then
define a style for the element with the specific id:
Example
#p01 {
color: blue;
}
color: blue;
}
Note: The
id of an element should be unique within a page, so the id selector is used to select
one unique element!
The class Attribute
To
define a style for special types of elements, add a class attribute to the element:
<p class="error">I am different</p>
then
define a style for the elements with the specific class:
Example
p.error {
color: red;
}
color: red;
}
External References
External
style sheets can be referenced with a full URL or with a path relative to the
current web page.
This
example uses a full URL to link to a style sheet:
Example
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.w3schools.com/html/styles.css">
This
example links to a style sheet located in the html folder on the current web
site:
Example
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/html/styles.css">
This
example links to a style sheet located in the same folder as the current page:
Example
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
Chapter Summary
- Use the HTML style attribute for inline styling
- Use the HTML <style> element to define internal CSS
- Use the HTML <link> element to refer to an external CSS file
- Use the HTML <head> element to store <style> and <link> elements
- Use the CSS color property for text colors
- Use the CSS font-family property for text fonts
- Use the CSS font-size property for text sizes
- Use the CSS border property for borders
- Use the CSS padding property for space inside the border
- Use the CSS margin property for space outside the border
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